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Buddhist mummies
Buddhist mummies, also called flesh body bodhisattvas, full body sariras, or living buddhas (Sokushinbutsu) refer to the bodies of Buddhist monks and nuns that remain incorrupt, without any traces of deliberate mummification. These are venerated by some Buddhists who believe they successfully were able to mortify their flesh to death.〔(哪些人死后尸体不腐？ )〕 The practise to purposely make undecomposed bodies is seen as controversial and contradictory to the Buddhist belief in impermanence. Many were destroyed or lost in history. Hungarian Natural History Museum recently found a Buddhist mummy inside a statue of Buddha.〔(CT Scan Reveals Mummified Monk Inside Ancient Buddha Statue )〕
==Causes==
Some were naturally formed. Some Mahayana buddhist monks left instructions to be followed after their deaths, which often included having them buried sitting in a lotus posture, put into a vessel with drying agents (such as coal, wood, paper, or lime) and surrounded by bricks, to be exhumed later, usually after three years. The preserved bodies would then be decorated with paint and adorned with gold.〔(九华山肉身之谜 )〕 It is a common method in China. Some covered the bodies with clay or salt.
According to Victor H. Mair in the Discovery Channel series ''The Mystery of the Tibetan Mummy'', the self-mummification of a Tibetan monk, who died ca. 1475 and whose body was retrieved relatively incorrupt in the 1990s, was achieved by the sophisticated practices of meditation, coupled with prolonged starvation and slow self-suffocation using a special belt that connected the neck with his knees in a lotus position.〔(Trekker finds Buddhist Lama mummy in a mountain hideaway in North India. )〕
The mummies of monks (Sokushinbutsu) in Japan practised ''nyūjō'' (入定), which caused their own death by adhering to a wood eating diet made up of salt, nuts, seeds, roots, pine bark, and urushi tea. They were then buried alive in a pine-wood box full of salt connected by a tube for air and would ring a bell signaling they were alive. When the bell stopped ringing the air tube was removed.〔Mathews, Chris. ("Ritual Self- Mummification." )〕 Japan banned unburying in 1879 and assisted suicide, including religious suicide is now illegal.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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